Las aseguradoras capean la crisis sin apenas recortar el empleo

posted: 2011-06-24

La brutal destrucción de empleo es uno de los rasgos más característicos de la recesión económica que golpea a España desde 2008. La Encuesta de Población Activa (EPA) situaba la cifra de paro en el 21,29% a marzo. O lo que es lo mismo, en el país hay 4,91 millones de personas que carecen de empleo. En este negro panorama hay un sector que se muestra resistente en términos laborales: el seguro. Su censo de trabajadores apenas ha variado en estos tres años, tanto si se toma como referencia la EPA como si se miran los datos de la Dirección General de Seguros (DGS).

Las 279 compañías aseguradoras que existen en España tenían 47.779 empleados al cierre de 2009 (datos más recientes), según la Memoria social del seguro elaborada por la patronal Unespa. Una cifra similar a la de años previos.

Fuentes de Comfia-CC OO y UGT corroboran que no se han producido grandes recortes. Mencionan, si acaso, los ajustes llevados a cabo el pasado año por Aviva (59 puestos), Groupama (35) y Generali, que a raíz de la fusión de La Estrella y Vitalicio redujo su plantilla en un centenar de personas. Pero todos estos casos se debieron a cuestiones de organización de la red de venta y no a la mala marcha del negocio. Los portavoces sindicales agregan que las salidas fueron negociadas y que se trata de cifras modestas si se considera el tamaño de los grupos. Bajo este punto de vista el cierre de Seguros Mercurio, propiedad del ex presidente de CEOE Gerardo Díaz Ferrán, que afectó a 85 trabajadores puede considerarse la excepción en un gremio estable.

Tanto fuentes empresariales como sindicales coinciden en destacar que la aparición de una segunda generación de firmas de venta directa (Clickseguros, Verti, Pelayonex, Balumba o Globalty) ha supuesto la creación de puestos de trabajo. Esta tendencia contrasta con los 13.277 puestos de trabajo que han eliminado bancos y cajas desde 2008.

Pero también es cierto que existen diferencias entre el modelo de distribución bancario y el del seguro. Las entidades de crédito canalizan casi sus ventas a través de oficinas propias. El seguro, en cambio, recurre a mediadores.

Aunque carecen de representación en agencias de seguros y corredurías porque suelen ser microempresas, ni UGT ni Comfia-CC OO tienen la sensación de que se hayan producido ahí fuertes recortes entre la mediación. De hecho, la EPA muestra que el sector en su conjunto (aseguradoras, mediadores, etc.) da trabajo a entre 130.000 y 140.000 personas en los últimos tres años de forma sostenida.

La Memoria social del seguro señala que casi el 98% de los contratos de las aseguradoras eran indefinidos en 2009. Este dato contrasta con el peso de la temporalidad en gremios como la agricultura (59%), la construcción (44%) o la hostelería (32%). En 2010 las aseguradoras firmaron 14.000 contratos, una cifra idéntica a la de los tres ejercicios previos, pero "la crisis ha provocado que hayan ganado en peso los temporales (80%) sobre los fijos (20%)", reconoce Unespa. Las plantillas están equilibradas en términos de sexo, pero los hombres copan más del 90% de los puestos directivos.

En Comfia-CC OO y en UGT temen que la reordenación de pactos de bancaseguros por las fusiones de cajas pueda tener costes laborales. Asimismo, existe la percepción de que la aplicación desde 2013 de la Directiva Solvencia II sobre capital fomentará los procesos de fusión en un sector muy atomizado y, por extensión, los ajustes de plantilla.
Las cifras

131.800 personas trabajan en toda la industria del seguro, según la Encuesta de Población Activa (EPA).

97,7% de los empleados de compañías de seguros tienen contrato indefinido.

49,3% de la plantilla son mujeres, pero no alcanzan ni el 10% de cargos directivos.

Fuente: Eduardo G. Ercoreca - Madrid - 24/06/2011 cincodias.com


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