La regulación de los salarios del sector financiero está creando desigualdades en la competencia por el talento de directivos

posted: 2011-07-04

El enfoque de Estados Unidos para regular la compensación en el sector financiero, después de la crisis financiera, se ha basado en principios. Esto supone establecer unas líneas de actuación sobre lo que se espera de las compañías y permite una mayor flexibilidad en cómo estas líneas de actuación son interpretadas y aplicadas. En Europa, sin embrago, el enfoque es más prescriptivo, los organismos reguladores han dictado específicamente cómo debe ser la estructura de pagos diferidos y los instrumentos de compensación que pueden utilizarse. Suiza, China, Japón y Australia, también han adoptado su propio enfoque ligeramente diferente.

“A nivel mundial, existe una disparidad de enfoques en la regulación de la compensación del sector financiero. Nuestro estudio sugiere que se están creando situaciones de desigualdad y el objetivo pretendido con las reformas no se está alcanzando. Por una parte, el enfoque europeo tiene más consistencia en cuanto al diseño de programas de compensación. Pero por otra, propicia una serie de cambios que tendrán un mayor coste para las empresas, sin que necesariamente ayuden a gestionar el desempeño y los riesgos”, afirma Rafael Barrilero, socio de Mercer.

Según el estudio de Mercer 'Planes de incentivos para directivos del sector financiero a nivel mundial', las desigualdades entre Europa y Estados Unidos son causadas por los diferentes enfoques de los bonos diferidos. Estos bonos diferidos se plantean para poner freno a los riesgos que implican los incentivos a corto plazo, como parte de las reformas tras la crisis financiera. Una parte de los bonos se pospondrán, o diferirán, por al menos tres años. La mayoría de los bancos europeos ahora han introducido condiciones asociadas a los resultados, para reducir o eliminar los bonos diferidos si ha habido pérdidas o no se han alcanzado los objetivos. En Estados Unidos, sin embargo, no se han introducido estas medidas para la compensación diferida. El informe subraya que el 88% de las compañías europeas tiene incentivos a largo plazo dependientes de los resultados, frente al 50% de las organizaciones estadounidenses.

“En otras palabras, ahora mismo tienes más posibilidades de recibir tu bono en Estados Unidos que en Europa. Aunque la mayoría de los bonos diferidos se pagan en acciones, en Estados Unidos todavía se basan el tiempo de servicio prestado por parte del empleado, de manera que con que un empleado permanezca en la compañía tres o cuatro años, recibirá sus acciones. Esta situación puede cambiar, especialmente en los bancos más grandes, a la luz de la nueva regulación todavía pendiente”, comenta Barrilero.

El estudio de Mercer también resalta que las nuevas normas podrían no responder a su propósito inicial. Los datos muestran que el 75% de las empresas que liga la compensación diferida a resultados, lo hace a los resultados de la compañía y un porcentaje bastante menor asocia la compensación diferida a los resultados de la unidad de negocio (32%) o a resultados individuales no financieros (29%), con lo cual, los bonos individuales tendrán menos impacto debido a la mayor amplitud de miras que implican los resultados de la empresa.

“Aunque los cambios estructurales de la compensación podrían fomentar el interés por los resultados del negocio más a largo plazo, también podrían dar como resultado una subida de la compensación total en el sector bancario. Esta podría ser la temida y no deseada consecuencia”, concluye el socio de Mercer.

Fuente: apd.es1 de julio de 2011


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